Not what a google search says.
Q: Which religion or social movement has been responsible for the most deaths of human beings?
A: While specific numbers are widely debated and difficult to verify, the social movement of
communism is consistently cited as having the highest death toll in human history. Historical scholarship generally concludes that communist regimes were responsible for the deaths of tens of millions of people through state-sanctioned violence and policy-induced famines.
Death tolls from social and political movements
Estimates for deaths under communist regimes vary, but even conservative figures dwarf other modern social movements and historical religious wars.
- Communism: Total deaths, including from government-induced famine, mass executions, forced labor, and purges in the 20th century, are estimated by some historians and scholars to be over 100 million people. The highest death tolls occurred in China under Mao Zedong and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin.
- National Socialism (Nazism): Nazi Germany, from 1933 to 1945, was responsible for the deaths of millions. This includes the systematic murder of approximately 6 million Jews in the Holocaust, as well as millions of other civilians and prisoners of war who were killed for racial or ideological reasons.
- Colonialism: While not a single movement, centuries of colonialism led by European powers resulted in the deaths of millions of people. This occurred through exploitation, conflict, resource extraction, and the transatlantic slave trade, the latter of which was sometimes justified on religious grounds. The violence and atrocities of King Leopold II in the Congo Free State, for instance, are estimated to have caused millions of deaths
Deaths from religious conflicts
It is a misconception that religion has been the primary cause of most wars or deaths throughout history. Many conflicts with religious overtones were primarily driven by political, territorial, and economic motives. Some major conflicts where religion played a significant role include
- The Muslim conquests in India: Some estimates place the deaths from these centuries-long conflicts in the tens of millions, though figures are highly debated.
- The Crusades: These medieval military campaigns, conducted by European Christians, resulted in millions of deaths across Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.
- The European Wars of Religion: This series of wars in the 16th and 17th centuries, including the Thirty Years' War, involved clashes between Catholics and Protestants. Estimates for the Thirty Years' War alone range from 4.5 to 8 million deaths.
- The Taiping Rebellion: This 19th-century Chinese civil war was led by a man claiming to be the brother of Jesus Christ. It was one of the bloodiest conflicts in history, with a death toll estimated between 20 and 70 million. Due to the movement's unique, syncretic nature, classifying it as purely a "religious war" is contentious