Social Insurance Programs (Non-means-tested): These are the largest programs in terms of spending and participation and were designed to provide universal coverage for specific life events, primarily retirement and disability. Primary Beneficiaries: Older Adults. Adults 65 and older are nearly three times as likely as younger adults to have received an entitlement benefit over their lives, with nearly 9 in 10 older adults receiving Social Security and Medicare benefits. These programs do not have income eligibility requirements, and almost all working Americans contribute to them through payroll taxes during their careers. Means-Tested Programs (Income-based): These programs (like Medicaid,